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Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Often causes UTIs and respiratory infections.
Proteus mirabilis
Associated with UTIs, especially in patients with urinary tract abnormalities.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Common in healthcare-associated infections, especially in the urinary tract.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Associated with hospital-acquired infections, including UTIs.
Enterococcus faecalis
Common in UTIs, particularly in hospitalized or elderly patients.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Often causes UTIs in young, sexually active women.
Streptococcus agalactiae
Can cause UTIs, particularly in pregnant women.
Enterobacter cloacae
Linked to UTIs and other healthcare-associated infections.
Citrobacter spp.
Can cause UTIs, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Morganella morganii
Associated with UTIs, especially in those with long-term catheter use.
Providencia stuartii
Found in UTIs, particularly in catheterized patients.
Candida albicans
The most common fungal pathogen causing UTIs, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Candida glabrata
Often causes UTIs in patients with diabetes or those on long-term antibiotics.
Schistosoma haematobium
Causes urinary schistosomiasis, primarily in parts of Africa and the Middle East.
Polyomavirus (e.g., BK virus)
Often detected in kidney transplant patients.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Can cause kidney issues in immunocompromised individuals.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
In some cases, can affect the urinary tract.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes urinary tuberculosis, which can affect the kidneys and bladder.
